Journalism Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journalism Portfolio - Essay Example Most news may be intended to deflect or defuse public opinion on matters of great importance and editors can influence the direction of how opinion is shaped. When a newspaper is owned by a politician, then there might be truth to the statement that â€Å"news is what someone, somewhere wants concealed† as in the case of Italy today. As mentioned earlier, this newspaper is mostly of community-type of publication and so most of its stories are local in nature. Most of the sources were the local news reporters that had gathered the news scoop within their areas. However, some of the news with a wider look such as global news content had been rehashes (re-written) of global news organizations as it has no capability of news gathering that is global in scope. Anyway, this is the trend today in most news organizations whereby they become aggregators of various news sources which it had deemed newsworthy to be included in their own publications. In the Internet age today, it is far more economical to just subscribe to some big news organizations like CNN or Time to syndicate the same news materials and ask a reporter to re-write it with a local background. Discussion In a world of instant news and competition for crucial publication space, the news of today has to be carefully selected that will interest its target audience. The readers of this type of newspaper would normally be interested on matters that concern them and only later will they go on to other news happening much further afield. For example, the most recent news of a dead whale carcass washing ashore should be of greater interest to its readers because this event can be considered as a rarity (it is not everyday a dead whale is washed onto the sands). Its news value may be in its ability to shock some readers to make them wander how could an event like this happen (Carr 1) and adding a photograph could lend a certain bit of nostalgia. The dead whale would be of concern to local residents because of the intense stink it brought. A public figure is normally defined to be someone who is usually in the limelight and this by necessity includes public figures like politicians, artists and actors or actresses. They opted for a profession that requires them public exposure or may have fame or prominence so that their lives are the focus of intense public scrutiny. A celebrity, on the other hand, is a type of person who acquired a certain persona such as rock stars, movie stars or sports stars. They are very familiar to the general public and their actions and statements are closely followed in most of the time. A public figure has less claims to privacy than an ordinary person since their lives are open to the public by virtue of their standing in the community or society. If a public figure is the subject of a bad news article, then he or she must first prove his status as a public figure in order to establish an evil motive in writing that article, such as malice or hate. Other citizens enjoy a higher degree of privacy in this regard because they are not in the public eye. The private lives of public figures can be written quite easily with mostly no objections but if the writer has written something defamatory, then a libel suit can be filed by concerned party.

No Interruption Zone on Medication Safety in Intensive Care Units Research Paper

No Interruption Zone on Medication Safety in Intensive Care Units - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the review supports the needs of the   study which is mainly medicinal errors that occur in the intensive care unit due to interruptions among the nurses.   This is evident, in the illustrations provided in the review under objective one medication errors and incidence in the intensive care unit.    The   second objective provides reviews on the strategies that can be used to reduce medication errors in the intensive care unit. A research design is a strategy, a plan or road map for planning and conducting any study (Borg, 2003).   In this research, the study measured the various interruptions that affected the nurses during the preparation stage in the intensive care unit. This study used   quasi-experimental   design to observe   and to compare the number of interruptions in medication preparation process.  The variables were; the dependent variable a nurse preparation on   medication for administration at one of the medication preparation areas and independent variable were the Interruption that interrupts the nurse in the preparation process. The study mainly used the nurses within the intensive care unit and their patients as the study sample.   Quasi Experimental design   is the most appropriate design   for the study. In   this design, the researcher studies the effect of the treatment on the intact groups rather than being able to randomly assign participants to the experimental or control groups.   

Journalism Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journalism Portfolio - Essay Example Most news may be intended to deflect or defuse public opinion on matters of great importance and editors can influence the direction of how opinion is shaped. When a newspaper is owned by a politician, then there might be truth to the statement that â€Å"news is what someone, somewhere wants concealed† as in the case of Italy today. As mentioned earlier, this newspaper is mostly of community-type of publication and so most of its stories are local in nature. Most of the sources were the local news reporters that had gathered the news scoop within their areas. However, some of the news with a wider look such as global news content had been rehashes (re-written) of global news organizations as it has no capability of news gathering that is global in scope. Anyway, this is the trend today in most news organizations whereby they become aggregators of various news sources which it had deemed newsworthy to be included in their own publications. In the Internet age today, it is far more economical to just subscribe to some big news organizations like CNN or Time to syndicate the same news materials and ask a reporter to re-write it with a local background. Discussion In a world of instant news and competition for crucial publication space, the news of today has to be carefully selected that will interest its target audience. The readers of this type of newspaper would normally be interested on matters that concern them and only later will they go on to other news happening much further afield. For example, the most recent news of a dead whale carcass washing ashore should be of greater interest to its readers because this event can be considered as a rarity (it is not everyday a dead whale is washed onto the sands). Its news value may be in its ability to shock some readers to make them wander how could an event like this happen (Carr 1) and adding a photograph could lend a certain bit of nostalgia. The dead whale would be of concern to local residents because of the intense stink it brought. A public figure is normally defined to be someone who is usually in the limelight and this by necessity includes public figures like politicians, artists and actors or actresses. They opted for a profession that requires them public exposure or may have fame or prominence so that their lives are the focus of intense public scrutiny. A celebrity, on the other hand, is a type of person who acquired a certain persona such as rock stars, movie stars or sports stars. They are very familiar to the general public and their actions and statements are closely followed in most of the time. A public figure has less claims to privacy than an ordinary person since their lives are open to the public by virtue of their standing in the community or society. If a public figure is the subject of a bad news article, then he or she must first prove his status as a public figure in order to establish an evil motive in writing that article, such as malice or hate. Other citizens enjoy a higher degree of privacy in this regard because they are not in the public eye. The private lives of public figures can be written quite easily with mostly no objections but if the writer has written something defamatory, then a libel suit can be filed by concerned party.

Determining Causes and Effects Essay Example for Free

Determining Causes and Effects Essay The majority of blood donors are middle aged due to advertising not being effective among youth donors. Young prospective first time donors, with their long-term donation potential, are especially attractive targets for blood agencies. Youth are often underrepresented in donor pools, however; persuading them to give blood may require specifically tailored marketing communication. The first cause of not being effective in advertising towards youth is marketing communication. Blood collection agencies often emphasize altruism. Altruism is the philosophical doctrine that right action is that which provides the greatest benefit to others. Specifically, research demonstrates that established donors who have given blood several times report altruism and awareness of the need for blood as their main reasons for giving (Glynn S.A. 417). In other words, a regular blood donor gives because they want to help others in need, and they act altruistically without expectation of reward. Altruistic ads focus on the altruistic message of a blood recipient thanking individuals for giving blood to save his/her life. An appeal to self-interest may be more effective in heightening blood donation intentions among youthful donors. The second cause of advertising not being effective is not appealing to individual self-interest. Collection agencies often use a communal message strategy that you should donate because someone close to you may need it. A communal ad features blood donors asking others to join them to help save lives. This communal approach, often receives less attention from donors because people value incentives. There has been little academic research conducted in blood recruitment to further these recommendations and actually test the effectiveness of specific message types in relation to the established profiles. Another contributing cause is the selectivity model, attributes sex differences in information processing to traditional gender roles. For instance, the male or agentic gender role is characterized by concern for the self (ex., what helps me or is of interest to me?). It is associated with personality traits such as independence and autonomy. Men, who already attend to self-relevant information because of their presumed agentic gender role, should respond even more favorably to a self-benefit message that also  invokes a higher degree of self-referencing (Hupfer, 1004). The communal female role, which encompasses concern for both self and others (ex., what interests or helps both me and others?). The personality traits associated with the female are independent and giving. The female role is typified by sympathy, understanding, and sensitivity to others’ needs. These traditional role distinctions lead to sex differences in response to information that is self-relevant or other relevant (Hupfer, 1004). Gender roles, therefore, should be an important determinant of reaction to blood campaigns. They should indicate that giving blood helps me which is the agentic benefit (Fig 3). Or giving blood helps someone else which is the communal benefit (Fig 4). When an advertising message elicits attention by reflecting on negative outcomes it appears to be more favorable. When advertising message elicits attention by focusing on the positive outcomes it appears to be less favorable. One effect on the economy is when agencies paid people to donate it decreased the blood supply. Economists were skeptical citing a lack of empirical evidence. Since then new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives. Economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreased the number of donators by half. However, letting society contribute the payment to charity reversed the effect. This psychology here has eluded economists, but it was no surprise to business owners. Rewarding blood donations may backfire; because it suggests that donor is less interested on being altruistic than in making a buck. Incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply wrongly what motivates the U.S. (Bowles) An increase in unemployment may mean people have more time to give blood, but I doubt it would cause an increase in supply. First, many blood donations are arranged by firms who agree to give employers time off work during the day. Secondly, it is possible that if you are unemployed you are likely to be stressed and don’t feel inspired to give blood. Findings indicate that when donors are eligible to benefit from the day-off incentive (i.e., when they are in paid employment) they make, on average, one extra blood donation per year, a substantial effect that represents a 40% inc rease (Lacetera). The decrease in blood supply affects those who have diseases such as sickle cell. There are more than 80,000 people in the U.S. with Sickle Cell, who require blood  transfusions. It also affects those who have cancer because chemotherapy consists of needing blood; sometimes on a daily basis. Also car accident victims can require as much as 100 pints of blood (American Red Cross). So if there are shortages of blood, there are not enough lives being saved. Hospitals haven’t had enough blood supply to care for patients with leukemia. It also affects newborns that are faced with having open heart surgery. Most patients who are hospitalized for serious complications and require transplants suffer because of the lack of blood supply in the U.S. In conclusion, collection agencies should consider appealing to young non-donors by suggesting that they give blood to make it available for themselves. Those who are capable of donating should do so with no questions asked. You never know when you will have a life-threatening event in which you need a blood transfusion to save your life. Researchers should continue to find theories on advertising to appeal to self-interest so that the blood supply in the U.S. will increase; however, the best approach in advertising is appealing to people’s emotion. If everyone would come together as one as they do in elections for blood drives the outcome would be greater. Fig. 3. Agentic Version of accident scene Fig. 4. Communal version of accident scene. Works Cited American Red Cross (2012). Blood Facts. www. Redcross.org Bowles, Samuel (March 2009). The Magazine; Harvard Business Review Glynn, S.A., Kleinman, (2002). Motivations to donate blood:. Transfusion, 42, 216-225. Hupfer, M.E. (2006). Transfusion 46(6), 996-1005, Visuals, DOI: 10.1111/j.1537- 2995.2006.00834.x Lacetera, Nicola (n.d.), Icentative Research Foundation. Time for Blood Article.

Drosophila Immunohistochemistry Practical

Drosophila Immunohistochemistry Practical Abstract Immunohistochemistry uses monoclonal antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples with a visible label. For this practical, immunohistochemistry was used to visualise the distribution of protein in the 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae brain. The distribution of protein was visualised using a primary monoclonal antibody, and this primary antibody was then detected by a secondary antibody. Detection of the secondary antibody is via an enzyme reaction which produces a coloured precipitate. The secondary antibody used is a monoclonal antibody that recognises IgG from a mouse which is attached to alkaline phosphatase. Looking at the protein distribution pattern in the larval brain the antibody used was detected. Brain samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature for 20 minutes, then washed four times with PBST prior to blocking with 10% donkey serum for 45 minutes. The primary antibody was added, and the brains incub ated at 4 °C overnight. The antibody used was embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV). This is because there are domains in the optic lobe which look like dots and webs from binding of ELAV to the specific proteins in the brain. Introduction Immunohistochemistry is the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect specific proteins in sections of tissues. Applications of immunohistochemistry has been used by pathologists for the diagnosis of cancers. This is because certain antigens particularly tumour antigens are expressed in certain cancers (Kaliyappan et al, 2012). The main principles of immunohistochemistry include a primary antibody which binds to a specific protein of interest. Then a complex of an antibody binding to a specific protein is formed from incubation with a secondary antibody. Finally, in the presence of a substrate and chromogen, an enzyme catalysis happens to generate a coloured precipitate at the antibody-protein specific binding sites (Immunohistochemistry.us, n.d.). Monoclonal antibodies are specific antibodies produced by a B lymphocyte cell which recognises a specific protein such as an antigen. Polyclonal antibodies on the other hand are antibodies produced by a collection of different B lymphocytes. They are able to recognise specific epitopes on an antigen (Lipman et al., 2005). Primary antibodies are antibodies which bind to a specific antigen. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are classified as primary antibodies (Cheriyedath, 2016). Secondary antibodies are the antibodies which bind to the primary antibody to allow detection of the primary antibody under a microscope (Rockland-inc.com, n.d.). Primary and secondary antibodies are used because primary antibodies detect a complimentary protein which is of particular interest whilst the secondary antibody is raised against immunoglobulins associated with the primary antibody. The secondary antibody then associates with a linker molecule which then recruits reporter molecules or the antibody binds directly to the reporter molecule. Drosophila is used as a model organism because their genome is very closely related to the human genome. This means that human genes can be mapped to drosophila genes. Genes in human s which cause disease are also in drosophila. Many generations can be observed in drosophila because they have a short reproductive cycle. They are small so a lot of them can be kept in a laboratory. Fruit fly genes can be altered very easily. Transgenics can be easily produced in the flies and studied. A huge amount of biology is known for these fruit flies due to a lot of research and history in these flies (Jennings, 2011). Tumour-associated stromal cells can act non-autonomously to produce epithelial cancers. Using the drosophila model organism mutations have been identified in the human tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) as a cause of these cancers. The Tsg101 homolog leads to Notch signalling and secretion of the JAK-STAT ligand, making neighbouring cells to grow. Drosophila serves as a model for cancer. The most present malignancies in the central nervous system include gliomas. Pathways for the gliomas in drosophila using the GAL4 system causes glias to increase and dama ge brain cells. (Spradling et al, 2006). The aim of this experiment was to use immunohistochemistry in order to detect protein distribution in the brain of the third instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae. By analysing the immuno stained sample the primary antibody used can be detected. Methods Steps of immunohistochemistry include: tissue preparation by fixation, protein retrieval, endogenous blockage and antibody labelling. In tissue preparation, tissues samples are preserved so protein and tissue architecture does not breakdown. Samples may be also need to be perfused for prevention of detecting non-specific proteins which can interfere with the detection of the target protein. In order for protein and tissue to not breakdown fixation is required. Steps of fixation include perfusion, immersion and freezing. In perfusion, tissues are perfused with a fixative to allow rapid fixation. During immersion tissues are immersed in the fixative to allow the fixative solution to diffuse through the tissue or cell sample. In the final step samples with protein that cannot survive fixation are frozen in liquid nitrogen whilst being embedded in a cryoprotective embedding medium. Once fixation is done the sample needs to be sectioned and mounted. The tissues which have been fixed with a paraformaldehyde solution are sectioned into slices which measure 4-5 µm using a microtome. After sectioning the sections are mounted onto a glass slide which is coated with an adhesive. Once mounting has been done the sections are dried and then deparaffinization takes place (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). The next major step is for the target protein to be retrieved. Paraffin is removed in order for the antibodies to reach the protein. Heat induced epitope retrieval is the most common used method to retrieve these proteins. This involves heating the slide at PH6 or PH9 depending on the antibody (Biosciences, 2014). Endogenous blocking needs to place because reagents which are present during immunohistochemistry are also present in cells. This can interfere with protein detection because of unwanted signals being produced that mistakenly detect an protein. Finally, the antibodies are labelled to detect the target antigens. The primary and secondary antibodies are diluted into a buffe r in order for the antibody to be stabilised. Rinse buffers are used between antibody applications to remove unbound antibodies (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). Once they are labelled the samples are viewed under a microscope (Biosciences, 2014). Results The primary antibody based on the protein distribution in the drosophila brain sample is the embroyonic lethal, abnormal vision (ELAV). A`ntenna A pair of appendages used for sensing. Eye disc The raised disk on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so creating a blind spot. Optic stalk The constricted proximal portion of the optic vesicle in the embryo which forms the optic nerve. Optic lobe The lobe in the midbrain from which the optic nerve partly arises. Ventral nerve cord A chain of connected segmental ganglia which lies against the body wall in the body of the drosophila. Discussion In this practical, distribution of protein in the 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae brainwas detected using a primary antibody which binds to the specific antibody. Using a secondary antibody, the protein distribution was able to be visualised under a microscope by binding to the primary antibody. Based on the protein distribution visualised under the microscope the primary antibody used to bind to the proteins to produce the protein distribution was identified. The identified antibody was ELAV because there are domains in the optic lobe which look like discrete dots and webs. Embryonic lethal abnormal vision protein (ELAV protein) is a protein which binds to RNA thus an RNA binding protein expressed in brain cells of drosophila after birth. Repeats of an RNA binding domain approximately 80 amino acids in length is in these RNA-binding proteins. ELAV distribution has a similar distribution to many different splicing factors. Variants of genes which are correctly spliced in neurones are regulated by this ELAV protein. Additionally, this ELAV protein plays a role in the formation of the n-arm transcript of the drosophila armadillo. It is generated by splicing from exclusion from exon six of the ubiquitous arm. In mutant ELAV the amount of n-arm is reduced (Broody, 1996). Mutant ELAV have a short life span (Toba et al, 2010). Loss of function alleles for ELAV causes the drosophila embryo to be lethal with also mutant embryos having an abnormal neuropil. Also mutations produce abnormal eye structures, defective electroretinograms and flight defects. Mutant clo nes analysed in mosaic flies has shown that there is a post-embryonic role for ELAV for photoreceptor cells, optic lobe and associated neuropil areas to maintained. Because of this, phenotypes that appear to be a mutant has a role for ELAV in the formation and maintenance of the nervous system (Koushika et al, 1996). Significant divergence between humans and mouse has caused orthologous disease genes to arise. Orthologous genes arise due to speciation in homologous genes. An example is the TDP1 gene. This is a gene which has a role for Topo I DNA complexes to be repaired. TDP1 orthologs for expression in the inside of cells with localizations has been located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mutations in the TDP1 gene has been seen to have a causative link to spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) disorder. This mutation is not present in mouse ortholog. TDP1 expression in human and mouse are different and produce different phenotypes. Selectins P and E for inflammation is different when compared between humans and mouse. The orthologous human version of selectin P from mouse does not have the pathway needed for regulation (Gharib and Robinson-Rechavi, 2011). Immunohistochemistry is a useful technique because it is used in research and pathology laboratories where immunohistochemistry can help with diagnosing neoplasias and pseudo-neoplastic lesions (De Matos et al, 2010). IHC is used to test efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs by detecting the activity or the regulation of disease targets. Immunohistochemistry is a technique specifically for detecting proteins such as antigens in a tissue sample. In situ hybridisation involves finding the location of targets for specific nucleic acids in tissues and cells which have been fixed to gain information for expression of genes and genetic loci (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, n.d.). RT-PCR is used for RNA expression analysis. Knowing the mRNA is important to understand what gene it is and protein distribution allows us to understand what affect the gene has in an organism. Questions   Ã‚   The point of fixation is to fix the tissue sample so that putrefaction and autolysis does not occur. Fixation allows the tissue sample to kept in its natural state. This is important so that the structures in the cell do not fall apart and diffuse away. The fixative used in fixation disables intrinsic biomolecules, protects the tissue from extrinsic damage and also alters the tissue on a molecular level to increase their mechanical strength and stability. The step is very critical because proteins need to be localized because otherwise they will diffuse away from their initial location. Protein immobilization occurs before translocation. The final thing for fixation is that it achieves the most rapid reaction possible at a low temperature (Berod et al, 1981). Antibodies bind to epitopes on their complementary antigen. However sometimes these antibodies can bind to non-specific antibodies that is similar to the binding site on the target antibody. Because of this binding of non-specific sites, background staining can be created that can mask the detection of the target protein. To get rid of this background staining tissue samples are incubated with a buffer that blocks the reactive sites which are not 100% complimentary to the primary and secondary antibodies (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). NTMT solution is a buffer used for the blockage of non-specific binding sites (Ebioscience.com, n.d.). The colour reaction is the final step which involves visualising the tissue sample where a specific antibody binds to the tissue sample. After this the primary antibody is detected in two ways, directly or indirectly. The direct method is the colour producing reaction. The primary antibody is tagged with a peroxidase enzyme which is used in a reaction to generate a coloured product (Heyderman, 1979). Bibliography Berod, A., Hartman, B. and Pujol, J. (1981). Importance of fixation in immunohistochemistry: use of formaldehyde solutions at variable pH for the localization of tyrosine hydroxylase. Journal of Histochemistry Cytochemistry, 29(7), pp.844-850. Biosciences, I. (2014). Getting started with Immunohistochemistry Bitesize Bio. [Online] Bitesize Bio. Available at: http://bitesizebio.com/20929/getting-started-with-immunohistochemistry/ [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Broody, T. (1996). Interactive Fly, Drosophila. [Online] Sdbonline.org. Available at: http://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/neural/elav.htm [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Cheriyedath, S. (2016). Primary and Secondary Antibodies: Whats the Difference?. [Online] News-Medical.net. Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Primary-and-Secondary-Antibodies-Whats-the-Difference.aspx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. De Matos, L., Trufelli, D., da Silva Pinhal, M. and de Matos, M. (2010). Immunohistochemistry as an Important Tool in Biomarkers Detection and Clinical Practice. Biomarker Insights, 5(5), pp.9-20. Ebioscience.com. (n.d.). IHC Buffers and Solutions. [Online] Available at: http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/application/ihc/buffers-solutions-for-ihc.htm [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Gharib, W. and Robinson-Rechavi, M. (2011). When orthologs diverge between human and mouse. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 12(5), pp.436-441. Heyderman, E. (1979). Immunoperoxidase technique in histopathology: applications, methods, and controls. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 32(10), pp.971-978. Immunohistochemistry.us. (n.d.). Immunohistochemistry Principle (IHC Principle). [Online] Available at: http://www.immunohistochemistry.us/IHC-principle.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Jennings, B. (2011). Drosophila a versatile model in biology medicine. Materials Today, 14(5), pp.190-195. Kaliyappan, K., Palanisamy, M., Duraiyan, J. and Govindarajan, R. (2012). Applications of immunohistochemistry. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(6), pp.307-309. Koushika, S., Lisbin, M. and White, K. (1996). ELAV, a Drosophila neuron-specific protein, mediates the generation of an alternatively spliced neural protein isoform. Current Biology, 6(12), pp.1634-1641. Lipman, N., Jackson, L., Trudel, L. and Weis-Garcia, F. (2005). Monoclonal Versus Polyclonal Antibodies: Distinguishing Characteristics, Applications, and Information Resources. ILAR Journal, 46(3), pp.258-268. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. (n.d.). In Situ Hybridization (ISH). [Online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techish/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Rockland-inc.com. (n.d.). Secondary Antibody Overview. [Online] Available at: http://www.rockland-inc.com/secondary-antibodies.aspx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Spradling, A., Ganetsky, B., Hieter, P., Johnston, M., Olson, M., Orr-Weaver, T., Rossant, J., Sanchez, A. and Waterson, R. (2006). New Roles for Model Genetic Organisms in Understanding and Treating Human Disease: Report From The 2006 Genetics Society of America Meeting. Genetics, 172(4), pp.2025-2032. Thermofisher.com. (n.d.). Overview of Immunohistochemistry | Thermo Fisher Scientific. [Online] Available at: https://www.thermofisher.com/uk/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/overview-immunohistochemistry.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Toba, G., Yamamoto, D. and White, K. (2010). Life-span phenotypes of elav and Rbp9 in Drosophila suggest functional cooperation of the two elav-family protein genes. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 74(4), pp.261-265.

Holocaust Denial Propaganda Essay -- Essays Papers

Holocaust Denial Propaganda The Holocaust that took place during World War II is a very important incident in history. It is used as an example to prevent this from happening again. Today there is a movement that has the main goal of denying the Holocaust and that it ever happened. This propaganda movement targets the youth by placing ads in college newspapers. The denial of the Holocaust has been publicly present since the Nuremberg trials. Today the Holocaust denial is a propaganda movement whose goal is to deny the truth behind the Nazi regime’s mass murder of 6 million Jews during World War II. The movement is active in the United States, Canada and Western Europe. The movements target youths and young adults. The simple idea of denying the Holocaust is started by Nazi policy. The Nazi policy tried to camouflage the mass murder of 6 million Jews. The Nazi party sought to deny the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question," even as the directives were being carried out. The fact that death squads were ordered and used to assassinate the Jewish race was completely denied. During the Nuremberg trials, post-War French Trotskyists and anarchists denounced evidence of the genocide as "Stalinist atrocity propaganda". The French Trotskyists were lead by the deceased Paul Rassinier and sought to advance their own political prowess by denouncing genocide as "Stalinist atrocity propaganda". The roots of Holocaust revisionism takes place in 1979. Willis Carto started the largest anti-Jewish propaganda organization, the Institute for Historical Review (IHR). The organization is staffed by unaccredited professors, writers without formal academic certification and anti-Semites. They all convened to develop new out... ...-denial is a movement that tries to camouflage many of the atrocities that occurred during World War II. The Holocaust-deniers do not receive much credit because they twist facts and myths of the Holocaust to systematically fit their view. Society needs to recognize the farce being put on so that each individual has the chance to learn the truth about the Holocaust without being swayed by lies and tall tales of Holocaust revisionism. Works Cited - Kuttner, Paul. The Holocaust: Hoax or History? Dawnwood Press: New York, 1996. - Lipstadt, Deborah. Denying the Holocaust. Plume: New York, 1994. - Dawidowicz, Lucy S. What is the Use of Jewish History? Schocken Books: New York, 1992. - Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against the Jews. Schocken Books: New York, 1975. - Vidal-Nanquet, Pierre. Assassins of Memory. Columbia University Press: New York, 1992.

The Future of Mankind Essay -- Philosophy God Philosophical Essays

The Future of Mankind If we compare the present with the past, if we trace events at all epochs to their causes, if we examine the elements of human growth, we find that Nature has raised us to what we are, not by fixed laws, but by provisional expedients, and that the principle which in one age effected the advancement of a nation, in the next age retarded the mental movement, or even destroyed it altogether. War, despotism, slavery, and superstition are now injurious to the progress of Europe, but they were once the agents by which progress was produced. By means of war the animated life was slowly raised upward in the scale, and quadrupeds passed into man. By means of war the human intelligence was brightened, and the affections were made intense; weapons and tools were invented; foreign wives were captured, and the marriages of blood relations were forbidden; prisoners were tamed, and the women set free; prisoners were exchanged, accompanied with presents; thus commerce was established, and thus, by means of war, men were first brought into amicable relations with one another. By war the tribes were dispersed all over the world, and adopted various pursuits according to the conditions by which they were surrounded. By war the tribes were compressed into the nation. It was war which founded the Chinese Empire. It was war which had locked Babylonia, and Egypt, and India. It was war which developed the genius of Greece. It was war which planted the Greek language in Asia, and so rendered possible the spread of Christianity. It was war which united the world in peace from the Cheviot Hills to the Danube and the Euphrates. It was war which saved Europe from the quietude of China. It was war which made Mecca the centre of the East. It was war which united the barons in the Crusades, and which destroyed the feudal system. Even in recent times the action of war has been useful in condensing scattered elements of nationality, and in liberating subject populations. United Italy was formed directly or indirectly by the war of 1859, 1866, and 187O. The last war realised the dreams of German poets, and united the Teutonic nations more closely than the shrewdest statesmen could have conceived to be possible a few years ago. That same war, so calamitous for France, will yet regenerate that great country, and make her more prosperous than she has ever been. Th... ...n will look upon this star as their fatherland; its progress will be their ambition; the gratitude of others their reward. These bodies which now we: wear belong to the lower animals; our minds have already outgrown them; already we look upon them with contempt. A time will come when Science will transform them by means which we cannot conjecture, and which, even if explained to us, we could not now under stand, just as the savage cannot understand electricity, magnetism, steam. Disease will be extirpated; the causes of decay will be removed; immortality will be invented. And then, the earth being small, mankind will migrate into space, and will cross the airless Saharas which separate planet from planet, and sun from sun. The earth will become a Holy Land which will be visited by pilgrims from all the quarters of the universe. Finally, men will master the forces of Nature; they will become themselves architects of systems, manufacturers of worlds. Man then will be perfect; he will then be a creator; he will therefore be what the vulgar worship as a god. But even then, he will in reality be no nearer than he is at present to the First Cause, the Inscrutable Mystery, the GOD.